Cheminių medžiagų grynumo tikrinimas

[Waverunner]

Sveiki visi ir ačiū, kad pažvelgėte į mano pranešimą.

Nusprendžiau, kad pradėsiu gaminti visas chemines medžiagas, kurias galiu, savo būsimai amfetamino ir 4mmc sintezei. Tai suteiks man praktikos ir tam tikro supratimo, ko tikėtis.

Štai sąrašas to, ką gaminsiu

Benzaldehidas
Nitroetanas
Ledinė acto rūgštis
n-butilaminas Manau, kad turėsiu nusipirkti šį
1-fenil-2-nitropropenas (P2NP);
Ledinė acto rūgštis (AcOH);
natrio hidroksidas (NaOH);
Gyvsidabrio (II) nitratas
Sieros rūgštis, tiesiog ketinanti ją distiliuoti
metilamino hidrochloridas, kurį konvertuosiu į metilamino aq 40%
dikloromentanas (metilchloridas )
Fenilacetilmalonatas?
Dietilo eteris
Eteris
Ir dar keletas

Bet mano klausimas yra grynumas.
Pavyzdžiui, turiu kontrentinės sieros rūgšties, o man reikia, tarkime, 88 %. Man reikia ją praskiesti. Pirmiausia turiu žinoti sieros rūgšties koncentraciją, kad galėčiau praskiesti iki norimos koncentracijos.

Ar kas nors gali man suteikti informacijos, kaip tai padaryti. Šiuo metu bandau patikrinti tankį, bet esu tikras, kad yra ir kitų būdų.

Ačiū ir gražios dienos

 

[Usernamealready]

Diluting concentrated sulfuric acid is extremely dangerous and should only be done by trained professionals with the proper safety equipment in a controlled laboratory setting. The reaction is highly exothermic, meaning it releases a lot of heat, and can cause violent boiling and splashing if not done correctly.1 Always add acid to water, never the reverse.
With that said, here's how professionals determine the concentration of sulfuric acid and dilute it:
1. Determine the Concentration of the Concentrated Acid

• Density Measurement: The most common and reliable method is measuring the density of the acid using a hydrometer. There are tables available that correlate density to concentration at specific temperatures.
• Titration: This is a more precise method but requires more equipment and expertise. A known volume of the concentrated acid is reacted with a solution of known concentration (usually a base) until the reaction is complete.2 The volume of the known solution used determines the concentration of the acid.

2. Calculate the Dilution
Once you know the concentration of your starting acid, you can use the following formula to calculate how much water you need to add to reach the desired 88% concentration:
C1V1 = C2V2

Where:

• C1 = Initial concentration of the acid3
• V1 = Volume of the initial acid4
• C2 = Final concentration of the acid (88%)
• V2 = Final volume of the diluted acid

3. Dilute the Acid

• Safety First: Wear appropriate PPE (personal protective equipment) including gloves, eye protection, and a lab coat.5 Work in a fume hood to avoid inhaling any fumes.6
• Slow and Steady: Slowly add the concentrated acid to the calculated amount of water while stirring continuously.7 Never add water to acid. This can cause a violent reaction and splashing.8
• Cooling: The dilution process releases a lot of heat.9 Use an ice bath or cooling system to keep the solution from overheating.10

Important Notes:

• Safety: Diluting sulfuric acid is a hazardous procedure. It should only be performed by trained professionals with the proper safety equipment and in a controlled laboratory environment.
• Accuracy: The accuracy of the dilution depends on the accuracy of the concentration measurement.
• Storage: Store the diluted acid in a properly labeled container in a safe location.

Alternatives:
If you are not a trained professional, it is strongly recommended that you purchase 88% sulfuric acid from a reputable supplier instead of attempting to dilute it yourself.
Remember, safety is paramount when working with concentrated acids. If you have any doubts or questions, consult a qualified chemist or laboratory technician.