Kontroll av kemikaliers renhet

[Waverunner]

Hej alla och tack för att ni tittade på mitt inlägg.

Jag bestämde mig för att jag ska börja göra alla kemikalier jag kan för min kommande syntes av amfetamin och 4mmc. Det kommer att ge mig övning och en uppfattning om vad jag kan förvänta mig.

Här är listan över vad jag ska göra

Bensaldehyd
Nitroetan
Glacial ättiksyra
n-Butylamin tror att jag måste köpa den här
1-Fenyl-2-nitropropen (P2NP);
Glacial ättiksyra (AcOH);
Natriumhydroxid (NaOH);
Kvicksilver(II)nitrat
Svavelsyra kommer bara att destillera det
Metylaminhydroklorid som jag kommer att konvertera till metylamin aq 40%.
Dikloromentan (metylklorid)
Fenylacetylmalonat?
Dietyleter
Eter
Och några till

Men min fråga är renhet.
Som till exempel har jag contrentated svavelsyra och jag behöver säga 88%. Jag måste späda ut det. Jag måste först veta koncentrationen av svavelsyra för att sedan späda ut till önskad koncentration.

Kan någon ge mig lite information för att gå om detta. Jag tittar för närvarande på att kontrollera densiteten men jag är säker på att det finns andra sätt.

Tack och ha en underbar dag

 

[Usernamealready]

Diluting concentrated sulfuric acid is extremely dangerous and should only be done by trained professionals with the proper safety equipment in a controlled laboratory setting. The reaction is highly exothermic, meaning it releases a lot of heat, and can cause violent boiling and splashing if not done correctly.1 Always add acid to water, never the reverse.
With that said, here's how professionals determine the concentration of sulfuric acid and dilute it:
1. Determine the Concentration of the Concentrated Acid

• Density Measurement: The most common and reliable method is measuring the density of the acid using a hydrometer. There are tables available that correlate density to concentration at specific temperatures.
• Titration: This is a more precise method but requires more equipment and expertise. A known volume of the concentrated acid is reacted with a solution of known concentration (usually a base) until the reaction is complete.2 The volume of the known solution used determines the concentration of the acid.

2. Calculate the Dilution
Once you know the concentration of your starting acid, you can use the following formula to calculate how much water you need to add to reach the desired 88% concentration:
C1V1 = C2V2

Where:

• C1 = Initial concentration of the acid3
• V1 = Volume of the initial acid4
• C2 = Final concentration of the acid (88%)
• V2 = Final volume of the diluted acid

3. Dilute the Acid

• Safety First: Wear appropriate PPE (personal protective equipment) including gloves, eye protection, and a lab coat.5 Work in a fume hood to avoid inhaling any fumes.6
• Slow and Steady: Slowly add the concentrated acid to the calculated amount of water while stirring continuously.7 Never add water to acid. This can cause a violent reaction and splashing.8
• Cooling: The dilution process releases a lot of heat.9 Use an ice bath or cooling system to keep the solution from overheating.10

Important Notes:

• Safety: Diluting sulfuric acid is a hazardous procedure. It should only be performed by trained professionals with the proper safety equipment and in a controlled laboratory environment.
• Accuracy: The accuracy of the dilution depends on the accuracy of the concentration measurement.
• Storage: Store the diluted acid in a properly labeled container in a safe location.

Alternatives:
If you are not a trained professional, it is strongly recommended that you purchase 88% sulfuric acid from a reputable supplier instead of attempting to dilute it yourself.
Remember, safety is paramount when working with concentrated acids. If you have any doubts or questions, consult a qualified chemist or laboratory technician.